Caste-based Reservation Policy of India

The caste system preserves a social function hierarchy with intrinsic traits that, more crucially, do not alter through time. Caste is an underlying position that has evolved through time from social to hereditary purposes. As a result of inherited status systems, social mobility was restricted. The caste system enabled untouchability, bigotry, and slavery, among other societal problems. 

India formerly had a strong caste-based hierarchical structure; it still has, although it isn't as strong as it once was, with the higher caste receiving the majority of advantages and the lower caste being ostracized. The lower classes made up the bulk of the population, and they were denied improved social, educational, economic, and political opportunities. To put it another way, there was no social justice. Untouchability, prejudice, and slavery, among other societal issues, were made possible by the caste system.

When a society is established on a social scale and dominance, the need for equality and equity grows. Establishing equality and providing equal opportunities, on the other hand, is not a viable solution to the problem. Some concessions and advantages must be offered for equality to be meaningful for the weak. Reservation allows for equal chance and growth of the underprivileged.

Reservation policy in India requires a particular number of seats in government offices, legislatures, and other institutions to be reserved for specified groups of people, such as Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs).

When the Indian Constitution was being created, the caste system was the most significant hindrance to equality and justice. Backward-class people were extensively exploited, impeding the advancement of India's Constitution toward equality and justice.

Article 15(4), (5), and (6) of the Indian Constitution require that a certain number of seats be reserved for the backward sections of society, which include SCs, STs, and OBCs, and the Constitution also guarantees reservation for other government offices and services. The quota share for Schedule Castes is presently 15%, 7.5 percent for Schedule Tribes, 27 percent for Other Backward Classes, and 10% for economically disadvantaged groups, for a total of 59.5 percent of total seats in both the educational and employment sectors.

The general public, however, is highly opposed to the reservation scheme since persons from lower socioeconomic strata are given reserved seats without qualifying. Some people believe that the reservation policy is harming the goal for which it was designed.

People who deserve to be first are pushed to the back of the line. Many times, those with caste reservations have been the first to make a change, regardless of their economic status, privileges, abilities, or knowledge, resulting in inequity for others who are more brilliant and worthy. This can also lead to discouragement and disagreements over the issues that these rules were designed to remedy.